While working on some writing recently I was exploring the Butler Model and alternatives to exploring the impacts of tourism.
Leiper's Model is one alternative to Butler's model, which I've written about a number of times.
It was developed in 1979, which means it predates some of the modern trends in tourism e.g. dental tourism to Turkey, medical tourism to Kuala Lumpur and of course sex tourism to various locations - althought it could be argued the Grand Tour involved a bit of the latter.
Leiper (1979) defined tourism as:
‘…the system involving the discretionary travel and temporary stay of persons away from their usual place of residence for one or more nights, excepting tours made for the primary purpose of earning remuneration from points en route. The elements of the system are tourists, generating regions, transit routes, destination regions and a tourist industry. These five elements are arranged in spatial and functional connections. Having the characteristics of an open system, the organization of five elements operates within broader environments: physical, cultural, social, economic, political, technological with which it interacts.’
Image source: https://tourismteacher.com/leipers-tourism-system/
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